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弗兰西斯·培根 （1561-1626年）是英国著名思想家、政治家和经验主义哲学家。他出身于伦敦一个新贵族家庭，曾历任宫廷要职。培根以知识论作为自己哲学的中心问题。他既指出人必须服从自然规律，又强调人的作为。他认为掌握了自然规律，人类在认识上会获得真理，在行动上会得到自由。培根在反经院哲学的斗争中，建立了自己的唯物主义经验论。主要代表作有《学术的进展》、《新工具论》、《培根论说文集》。
..Virtue is like a rich stone, best lain set: and surely virtueis best in a body that is comely, though not of delicate features:and that hath rather dignity of resence, than beauty of asect.Neither is it almost seen, that very beautiful ersons areotherwise of great virtue; as if nature were rather busy not toerr, than in labour to roduce excellency. And therefore, theyrove accomlished, but not of great sirit; and study ratherbehaviour, than virtue; but this holds notalways; for AugustusCaesar, Titus Vesasianus, hili le Belle of France, Edward theFourth of England, Alcibiades of Athens, Ismael the Sohy ofersia, were all high and great sirits; and yet the most beautifulmen of their times.In beauty, that of favour is more than that ofcolour, and that of decent and gracious motion, more than that offavour. That is the best art of beauty, which a icture cannotexress; no, nor the first sight of the life. There is no excellentbeauty,
　　 that hath not some strangeness in theroortion.A man cannot tell, whether Aelles, or Albert Durer,were the more trifler: whereof the one would make a ersonage bygeometrical roortions: the other, by taking the best arts out ofdivers faces, to make one excellent.Such ersonages, I think, wouldlease nobody but the ainter that made them. Not but I think aainter may make a better face, than ever was; but he must do it,by a kind of felicity (as a musician that maketh an excellent airin music) and not by rule. A man shall see faces, that if youexamine them, art by art, you shall find never a good; and yetall together do well. If it be true, that the rincial art ofbeauty is in decent motion, certainly it is no marvel thoughersons in years seem many times more amiable; ulchrorum autumnusulcher: for no youth can be comely but by ardon, and consideringthe youth as to make u the comeliness. Beauty is as summer fruits,which are easy to corrut, and cannot last: and, for the most art,it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance:but yet certainly again, if it light well, it maketh virtues shine,and vices blush. ……
培根，作为人类思想史上的一个重要人物，作为一个伟大的思想家，他具有一种与众不同的历史地位。当人们对培根进行全面思考时，便会自然而然地提出这样的问题：培根一生，写过重要的哲学著和，但在他的哲学著作中，关注的并非那些为人们所公认的纯哲学问题。因此，也有一些人就此认为，培根难以望近代哲学史上一流的哲学家项背，还有人认为，培根尽管对科学研究有执著的追求，甚至可以说，他几乎把毕生的业力贡献给了科学研究事业，然而，他终究算不上真正意义上的科学家。再拿教育来说，培根一生从未当过教员，他也没有从事过任何真正的教育实践，然而，西方的一些教育家们却认为“他对教育思想所产生的影响比任何或全部教育家的影响更大”。培根没有专门的经济学著作，然而，令人不可思议的是，他的大名却常常出现在经济思想史一类的著作中。此外，培根没有专门的美学专著，但美学史家们屡屡在其史著中怀着由衷的敬仰之情予以歌颂和礼赞，如此等等。这种学术研究史上的种种奇特现象说明了什么？的确，无论是纵向地或者是横向地看培根，我们认为，在任何一个具有的学术领域，人们都很难说培根是第一流的人物，然而，就人类文明发展的整个历史长河而言，培根乃是当之无愧的第一流的思想家。
　　
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